In a matching model of the academic labour market, with outside and inside workers, this paper shows that outsiders are harmed by the insiders. This is due on two types of search frictions: information and cooptation. Each frictions reduce the probability to get an academic job for outsiders...

Purpose Discrimination and hostility in the workplace prevents homosexual workers from performing their core functions on the job. Moreover, it introduces unnecessary costs by increasing absenteeism, lowering productivity, and fostering a less motivated, less entrepreneurial, and less committed...