This research focuses on the problem of positioning empty containers in a port area with multiple depots. Three options are considered: positioning from other overseas ports, inland positioning between depots and leasing. The policies for empty-container management are as follows: a coordinated...

Purpose: Significant transitions in firms (e.g. outsourcing) may impact the relative importance of production and inventory assets, affecting the hierarchical separation of planning decisions. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to planning literature by investigating how the production...