The model incorporates diabetic complications risk data from a type 1 diabetes population and synthesizes other type 1—specific data to estimate long-term outcomes of CVD, end-stage renal disease, LEA and risk of blindness, along with life expectancy and QALYs. External validation was carried...

All trials use protocols to standardize practice within and between trial centres and to enable replication of an experiment across space and time. However, while ‘centre effects’ have been noted in the literature, the processes and mechanisms by which trial staff convert a protocol into...

This paper analyses the issue of whether governmental regulation results in higher producer costs that are then passed on as higher prices to the consumer, with a longitudinal study of the European automotive market. Using a large data set for the period 1995–2010 the hedonic price analysis...