In 1999, fertility rates in Central and Eastern European countries reached the lowest levels in the world. Using panel data, this paper analyses the sharp decline in fertility for these countries during their transition towards a market economy. It extends previous research in three ways: First,...

University entrance examinations create a difficult time for parents and students in developing countries. Families are exhausted from tutoring expenditures, and students are under great pressure to succeed in their tests. Tight admission policies limit access to higher education and prevent a...

In this research, the relationship between fertility, education (by genders and levels), womenís participation rate in labor market, urbanization, infant mortality and relative cohort size is investigated in the 14 Middle Eastern countries for the period of 1980 and 1998. Pooled cross-sectional...