Purpose: As the global presence of Chinese firms grows, increasing numbers of Chinese managers are working abroad as expatriates. However, little attention has been paid to such Chinese expatriate managers and their leadership challenges in an inter-cultural context, especially across a large...

<Para ID="Par1">This study analyses how various internationalization modes affect innovation in ten transition economies. Using propensity score matching to account for selection, we match firms on size, sector, and country. A key contribution is that firms are also matched based on the heterogeneity of...</para>