Beginning in late 2008, Ireland experienced a fiscal crisis. This resulted in November 2010 in agreement between the Irish government and the European Central Bank, the European Commission and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) – known collectively as ‘the Troika’ – whereby the latter...

Greening the Budget regards the fundamental cause of environmental degradation as government and market failure and proposes the use of budgets as an instrument of environmental policy to rectify this problem. The book focuses on the elements of the public budget which currently affect the...

It is important for policy makers to understand the extent to which the purported benefits of energy efficiency are real, and how they can be achieved. This "reflections" aims to help the policy community understand how the literature can assist them in assessing the opportunities, challenges,...