Aid effectiveness is defined as contractual completeness. EU development aid constitutes the new soft budget constraint in the former Soviet Union. Transnational sovereignty means that development policy is decided by the post-Soviet planner and financed by the European Commission.

In this article we introduce the term "energy polarization" to explain the politics of energy market reform in the Russian Duma. Our model tests the impact of regional energy production, party cohesion and ideology, and electoral mandate on the energy policy decisions of the Duma deputies (oil,...

Contents: 1. Dimensionality of religion -- 2. Religious origins of political regimes -- 3. Religious identity, local governance & public goods -- 4. The political economy of Russian Orthodoxy -- 5. Back to the Prussian origins: kulturkampf & comparative modernization -- References -- Conclusions...

This book is the one of the first-if not the first one-to address aid effectiveness from a comparative economics perspective. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the transition of its republics to market structures and representative forms of government, the European Commission had...