This paper examines how management approaches to employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) implementation affects such employee work‐related attitudes as job satisfaction, ESOP satisfaction, and job involvement. Structural‐equation modeling assesses the responses of 321 airline pilots who were...

Competition in the managed care industry has intensified as the industry has reached maturity. The current competitive environment of the industry and an increasing industry-wide ephasis on cost containment have resulted in declining profits, lower levels of member satisfaction, and increasing...

Managerial myopia in identifying competitive threats is a well-recognized phenomenon (Levitt, 1960; Zajac and Bazerman, 1991). Identifying such threats is particularly problematic, since they may arise from substitutability on the supply side as well as on the demand side. Managers who focus only on...

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