Kuosmanen and Kazemi Matin [Theory of integer valued data envelopment analysis. European Journal of Operational Research 2009;192:658-67] developed an axiomatic foundation for a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model that assumes subsets of input and output variables to be integer valued. In this...

The axiom of weak disposability is frequently imposed in data envelopment analysis (DEA) models involving undesirable outputs such as pollution. This paper sheds new light on the economic interpretation of weak disposability by developing dual formulations of the weakly disposable DEA...

Conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models assume real-valued inputs and outputs. In many occasions, some inputs and/or outputs can only take integer values. In some cases, rounding the DEA solution to the nearest whole number can lead to misleading efficiency assessments and...