Purpose – This study aims to examine the combined effect of audit committee existence and external audit on earnings management. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses ordinary least squares regression model to examine the effect of audit committee existence, external audit and the...

Purpose – This study aims to examine the combined effect of audit committee existence and external audit on earnings management. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses ordinary least squares regression model to examine the effect of audit committee existence, external audit and the...

Purpose: This study draws on agency, theory to evaluate the relationship between chief executive officer (CEO) duality and earnings quality, proxied by discretionary accruals. Additionally, this study aims to examine whether board independence moderates the relationship between CEO duality and...

This study investigates the determinants of stock options grants to CEOs by Portuguese firms from 2003 to 2006. Using a sample of 155 observations, we find that the CEO's equity ownership, liquidity constraints, board composition and firm size significantly increase the probability that firms...

Since the dawn of the civilizations that olive has been playing a critical role on both the society and the economy. Indeed, one can argue that olive and olive oil were as critical as they shaped a form of culture, a seminal pillar that supported the Mediterranean civilizations and that has...