Procurement practices are affected by uncertainty regarding suppliers' costs, the nature of competition among suppliers, and uncertainty regarding possible collusion among suppliers. Buyers dissatisfied with bids of incumbent suppliers can cancel their procurements and resolicit bids after...

We adapt the Casselian version of purchasing power parity to a two-period framework. In this framework, we show that inter-temporal trade plays a role and can drive a wedge betweenthe nominal exchange rate and relative prices. The size of trade flows, the real interest rate, and the constraint...

This study demonstrates a direct transesterification (DT) method for reliable quantification of microalgal lipid. Primary screening of various transesterification methods and the types of biomass (wet, oven dried and lyophilized) were performed with heterotrophically grown Chlorella sp. FC2 IITG...