Abstract The paper deals with the regulatory remedy of “Wholesale Line Rental” (WLR) also simply called „Resale“. As there is still a major lack of competition regarding voice telephony access, WLR could offer a wider field of strategic actions to alternative network operators so that...

The European Commission introduced the so-called „three criteria test” which was designed to serve as an analytical filtering tool when considering whether electronic communications markets should be regulated by competition law alone, or whether the markets are susceptible to ex ante...

Fiber deployment of next-generation high-speed broadband networks is considered to be a decisive development for any information-based society, yet investment activities and especially the adoption of fiber-based broadband services take place only very gradually in most countries. This work...

One of the most controversial regulatory issues in Europe (and elsewhere) is whether the emerging next-generation access (NGA) infrastructure should be subjected to cost-based access regulation or whether at least a temporary removal of ex ante obligations (“regulatory holidays”) should be...

In the beginning of fixed network liberalisation in Europe in the late 1990s, the main concern of regulators was to lower retail call prices. This was done by introducing wholesale regulation and promoting service-based competition. Some years later, the concern of some regulators turned from...

The increasing danger of excess capacity in the regulated fixed networks calls into question the established long-standing pricing standards for wholesale services based on forward-looking long-run incremental costs (FL-LRAIC). Within the EU "Regulatory Framework for Electronic Communications...