Die Energiewende umfasst neben dem Ausstieg aus der Atomenergie unter anderem auch den Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien, die Steigerung der Energieeffizienz und die Senkung des Treibhausgasausstoßes. Dabei wird viel Geld bewegt und es stellt sich immer dringender die Frage nach der sozialen...

The transition of the German energy system towards renewable energy carriers triggers considerable costs for private households. Costs are passed through to households by a surcharge per kilowatt hour. This effectively leads to high cost burdens for poorer households relative to wealthier ones....

Game-theoretical analyses of the n-person Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) and of group production have largely ignored the impact of threshold effects on the evolution of cooperation. This article introduces a model where uncooperative action cannot be detected as long as it does not exceed a certain...

A strategy contest in an iterated Prisoner's Dilemma with an exit option after each game is developed. The whole model is assumed to represent the conditions for egoistical cooperation in a large and anonymous society, which is based mainly on exchange relationships and voluntary cooperation...