This article reviews and analyzes the issues related to worldwide hypoxic zones and the range of economic questions sorely in need of answers. We begin by describing the extent and causes of hypoxic zones worldwide, followed by a review of the evidence concerning ecological effects of hypoxic...

Delivery coefficients have long been used in economic analysis of policies that seek to address environmental problems like water pollution. However, the derivation and validity of delivery coefficients have not been examined carefully by empirical analyses. We derived estimates of delivery...

In this paper we propose a stepwise genetic algorithms approach for optimizing highway alignments for improving computational efficiency and quality of solutions. Our previous work in highway alignment optimization has demonstrated that computational burden is a significant issue when working...