We investigate the internal consistency of a recently developed mathematical thermodynamic structure across scales, between a continuous stochastic nonlinear dynamical system, i.e., a diffusion process with Langevin and Fokker–Planck equations, and its emergent discrete, inter-attractoral...

Purpose – Using a sample of 6,198 US firms that went public from 1975 to 2004, the purpose of this paper is to examine when these firms come back to the equity market and investigate the determinants of the timing decision. Design/methodology/approach – By properly modeling the time between...

The non-point source (NPS) pollution is difficult to manage and control due to its complicated generation and formation. In large scale watersheds, the priority sources areas (PSAs) identification is an important and necessary process for efficient aquatic environmental management. Here, a...