A wealth of research in recent decades has seen the economic approach to human behavior extended over many areas previously considered to belong to sociology, political science, law, and other fields. Research has also shown that economics can provide insight into many aspects of sports,...

This paper provides empirical evidence of favoritism by agents, where that favoritism is generated by social pressure. To do so, we explore the behavior of professional soccer referees. Referees have discretion over the addition of extra time at the end of a soccer game (called injury time), to...

The endogeneity of preferences implies that not only individual preferences—along with technologies, government policies, and the organization of society and markets—determine economic outcomes, but also that the economic, social, legal, and cultural structure of society affects preferences....