There is a substantial debate over the direction of the causal relation between income and health. This is important for our understanding of the health production process and for the policy debate over improving healthcare. We instrument income with rainfall measurements by matching satellite...

In this paper we consider how State investments can crowd out or reinforce self-investments in health using a theoretical model of insurance and protection. We apply this model to the smoking cessation decision made by individuals diagnosed with a cardiovascular disease using data from the 1998,...