Purpose: According to a widely accepted narrative, managerial reforms associated with new public management (NPM) originated in wealthy market economies and liberal democracies and were then promoted globally. However, scientific and systematic cross-national evidence of NPM practices has...

Despite ample studies on New Public Management (NPM), the degree to which NPM is institutionalized in practice remains largely a mystery. In this study of Singapore's education system, the data illuminate the institutionalization of NPM, revealing that certain dimensions of NPM are more...