We use newly constructed state-specific data to explore the implications of common modeling choices for measures of research returns. Our results indicate that state-to-state spillover effects are important, that the research and development lag is longer than many studies have allowed, and that...

CONTEXT -- A Brief History of U.S. Agriculture -- INPUTS, OUTPUTS AND PRODUCTIVITY -- Agricultural Inputs -- Agricultural Outputs -- Agricultural Productivity Patterns -- AGRICULTURAL R&D FUNDING AND POLICIES -- Research Funding and Performance -- The Federal Role -- MODELS OF R&D AND...

Agricultural research has transformed agriculture and in doing so contributed to the transformation of economies. Economic issues arise because agricultural research is subject to various market failures, because the resulting innovations and technological changes have important economic...

The past 50-100 years have witnessed dramatic changes in agricultural production and productivity, driven to a great extent by public and private investments in agricultural research, with profound implications especially for the world's poor. In this article, we first discuss how the...

Reported rates of return to agricultural R&D are generally high, but they are likely to be biased, particularly because of attribution problems—mismatching research benefits with costs. The importance of attribution biases is illustrated here with new evidence for Brazil. During 1981–2003,...