In the event of a third generation crisis, international lending of last resort should be used if and only if the international lender of last resort (ILOLR) is informed on the subject of domestic financial and banking markets. Therefore, it will act at a macroeconomic level, as an usual ILOLR,...

The evolution of the IMS and IFS in the past several hundred years can be viewed through the lens of the Copernican heliocentric system developed over 500 years ago. We trace out the evolution across regimes of the IMS and IFS in terms of network representations of the Copernican system. We...