Abstract We develop a transport formula for predicting overall cumulative vaccine efficacy through time t ( $$VE(t)$$ ) to prevent clinically significant infection with a genetically diverse pathogen (e. g., HIV infection) in a new setting for which a Phase III preventive vaccine efficacy...

Abstract A common problem of interest within a randomized clinical trial is the evaluation of an inexpensive response endpoint as a valid surrogate endpoint for a clinical endpoint, where a chief purpose of a valid surrogate is to provide a way to make correct inferences on clinical treatment...

Recent scientific and technological innovations have produced an abundance of potential markers that are being investigated for their use in disease screening and diagnosis. In evaluating these markers, it is often necessary to account for covariates associated with the marker of interest....

The case-crossover design uses cases only, and compares exposures just prior to the event times to exposures at comparable control, or "referent" times, in order to assess the effect of short-term exposure on the risk of a rare event. It has commonly been used to study the effect of air...

The case-crossover design has been widely used to study the association between short term air pollution exposure and the risk of an acute adverse health event. The design uses cases only, and compares exposure at the event time with exposure at other control or "referent" times. By making...