We model the time series of the S&P500 index by a combined process, the AR+GARCH process, where AR denotes the autoregressive process which we use to account for the short-range correlations in the index changes and GARCH denotes the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic process...

Complex networks theory allows researchers to deal with systems characterised by uncertainty and unpredictability. It also enables investigating interactions between transport networks and their topology. Recently it has been used to analyse socio-economic processes in urban, regional, and...