This paper analyses the impact of government grants introduced in August 2004 in the French sector hotels and restaurants. This program is based on payroll tax reductions and covers the period 2004-2009. The amount of the payroll tax reductions varied according the subsector, the wage and firm...

In the French social system, employers get reductions of the social security contributions which are targeted on low wage workers. The total amount of these reductions is 20 billion of Euros. In the crisis context, it has been proposed to reform the actual system in several ways. We propose to...

This methodological paper shows that using different local job accessibility models (LJAs) leads to significantly different empirical appreciations of job accessibility. Matching several exhaustive micro data sources on the Paris region municipalities, the paper benchmarks a representative set...