Many countries have introduced policy measures, such as carbon pricing, greenhouse gas offsetting mechanisms, renewable energy standards, and energy efficiency improvements, to achieve their climate change mitigation targets. However, in many instances, these measures overlap in ways that may...

In order to dynamically investigate the historical evolution of CO<SUB align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB> emissions induced by consumption and fixed capital investment, this paper defines the concepts of consumption-type emission (CPE) and construction-type emission (CTE). It also proposes the ratio of consumption-type emission to...</small></sub>

Achieving China's carbon reduction targets for 2020 necessitates the consideration of integrated production chains (PCs) given that competition between sectors has been transformed into competition between PCs. This paper establishes an extended input–output (IO) model that calculates the cost...