This paper measures fragmentation in the European interbank market. We document that, during the recent crisis, fragmentation in the interbank market has been, on average, higher in the peripheral countries than in the core ones and it has increased particularly during periods of financial...

The global financial storm which started in 2007 and which we are still experiencing is one of the very best examples in recent economic history of how much the financial system can exacerbate real economy cycles. Such pro-cyclicality has triggered a lively debate on which tools can be used to...