We study the regime of multiple note issuers that characterized the Italian monetary system from the unification of Italy in 1861 to the creation of the Bank of Italy in 1893. We describe how the system evolved and we analyze how it functioned by studying the clearing of notes among banks. Since...

One of the effects of the introduction of fair trade goods is that of triggering socially responsible imitation of profit maximising sellers and distributors, thereby creating a consumer driven market mechanism which promotes equity and inclusion. To proof ourclaim we analyze the effects of a...

Concerned consumers in the US and Europe are increasingly willing to pay an "ethical premium" for the social and environmental value of fair trade (FT) products. One of the fair trade criteria (aimed to enhance wellbeing and capacity building of marginalised producers) relates to producers’...