The China-Raw Materials dispute recently arbitrated by the WTO opposed China as defendant to the US, the EU and Mexico as the claimants on the somewhat unusual issue of export restrictions on natural resources. For the claimants, Chinese export restrictions on various raw materials, of which the...

The European Regulation 834/2007, responsible for the definition of the European Organic Label since 2009, allows a non-intentional presence of authorised GMOs limited to the threshold of 0.9 % in organic production. Such a threshold, when strictly positive, allows organic producers to keep...

This concise and detailed Handbook addresses some of the most complex issues raised by the implementation of the TRIPS Agreement globally. Among other themes, the Handbook explores the applicability of GATT jurisprudence for the interpretation of the Agreement’s provisions. It also...

[eng] Traceability: as a production standard - The aim of this article is to show that traceabil- ity, initially a means of differentiating products, has now become a production standard, as a result of having become the prevalent mechanism relied upon by the vast majority of producers to ensure...