Jon Danielsson discusses the use of capital ratios and macroprudential regulation and describes the limitations of each policy: How banks can inflate capital ratios, how capital requirements fail to reduce the risk of aggregate shocks and how Basel III regulations burden smaller banks relative...

Regression and SDF approaches with centered or uncentered moments and symmetric or asymmetric normalizations are commonly used to empirically evaluate linear factor pricing models. We show that unlike two-step or iterated GMM procedures, single-step estimators such as continuously updated GMM...

We propose new spanning tests that assess if the initial and additional assets share the economically meaningful cost and mean representing portfolios. We prove their asymptotic equivalence to existing tests under local alternatives. We also show that unlike two-step or iterated procedures,...