Reference prices have long been studied in applied economics and business research. One of the classic formulations of the reference price is in terms of an iterative function of past prices. There are a number of limitations of such a formulation, however. Such limitations include burdensome...

The p-median offers an alternative to centroid-based clustering algorithms for identifying unobserved categories. However, existing p-median formulations typically require data aggregation into a single proximity matrix, resulting in masked respondent heterogeneity. A proposed three-way...

We introduce a new statistical procedure for the identification of unobserved categories that vary between individuals and in which objects may span multiple categories. This procedure can be used to analyze data from a proposed sorting task in which individuals may simultaneously assign objects...