Many countries are pursuing greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation policies resulting in the increase of use of renewable sources in the electricity sector to mitigate CO2 emissions. Nuclear energy is a non-emitting CO2 source that could be used as part of that policy. However, its main drawback is the...

Traditionally, manufacturing enterprises pay flat rates for each kiloWatt-hour (kWh) of electricity consumed. Newly available electric tariffs that charge both energy consumption (in kWh) and peak demand (in kiloWatts, i.e., kW) with varying time-of-use (TOU) rates have started to gain...

The European Union has established challenging targets for the share of renewable energies to be achieved by 2020; for Spain, 20% of the final energy consumption must be from renewable sources at such time. The aim of this paper is the analysis of the consequences for the electricity sector (in...

Energy can be produced from mixing waters with different salinity in reverse electrodialysis (RED). Technological improvements make RED gaining momentum as a technically viable option for baseload renewable energy generation. In this paper a model is presented for three different RED...