The dynamics of cycle-to-cycle variations (CCV) was investigated in a natural gas direct-injection spark-ignition engine. The method of continuous wavelet transform was used to analyze the time series of the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and other combustion variables. The dominant...

In a Monte Carlo study of the two dimensional Ising system (of size 100 × 100) with nearest neighbour ferromagnetic interaction in the presence of a sinusoidally varying external magnetic field, we studied the variation of the hysteretic loop area (A) with frequency (f), amplitude (h0) of...

We investigate a model correlated bond percolation problem on a 2D square lattice. We throw conducting bonds at random on a lattice. The nearest-neighbour gaps (which are not actually connected through conducting bonds) are bridged by some other “tunneling” bonds, which represent tunneling...

We have studied the transport in two random dimer models. The site energies are chosen randomly from a binary distribution, one pair at a time and the hopping terms (nearest neighbour only) are chosen to be either (i) a constant, or (ii) perfectly correlated to adjacent random site energies. In...

We study localization properties of a one-dimensional disordered system characterized by a random non-hermitean hamiltonian where both the randomness and the non-hermiticity arises in the local site-potential; its real part being random, and a constant imaginary part implying the presence of...

Due to industrial development and population growth, global demand for energy has increased enormously; the increased consumption of primary sources of energy such as coal, oil and natural gas has exerted a strong influence on the atmospheric environment. Among all the alternative fuels,...

In this study, experiments were conducted to examine the effect of using a mixture of diesel and n-pentanol, which is one of the second-generation biofuels with comparable properties to diesel fuel, as fuel on the combustion, performance, and gaseous and particulate emissions of a...

The effects of ultra-high injection pressure (Pinj = 300 MPa) and micro-hole nozzle (d = 0.08 mm) on flame structure and soot formation of impinging diesel spray were studied with a high speed video camera in a constant volume combustion vessel. Two-color pyrometry was used to...

Dual-injection strategies in spark-ignition engines allow the in-cylinder blending of two different fuels at any blend ratio, when simultaneously combining port fuel injection (PFI) and direct-injection (DI). Either fuel can be used as the main fuel, depending on the engine demand and the fuel...