We extend Hotelling’s model of spatial competition by adding an outside good, provided by a webshop. Unlike the commonly used reservation price, the price of the webshop is endogenous. We establish that a Nash equilibrium exists if the outside good is not too different from the goods sold by...

Despite the increasing trend of airport privatisation and deregulation in recent years, few studies have analysed how the pricing behaviour of unregulated airports affects downstream airline competition, especially the competition between airlines offering differentiated services such as the...

This paper studies the relationship between reliability (proxied by punctuality) and productivity in passenger railroad services. Increasing reliability may lower productivity, as it requires inputs, that can’t be used to produce outputs. The relationship between reliability and productivity...