A new approach for eddy diffusivity and counter-gradient term in atmospheric turbulent fluxes is developed. This scheme is based on the Taylor statistical theory of turbulence and on a multifractal approach to the turbulent spectrum of energy. The non-extensive thermodynamics description is used...

Permit trading among polluting parties is now firmly established as a policy tool in a range of environmental policy areas. The Kyoto Protocol accepts the principle that sequestration of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere can be used to offset emissions of carbon from fossil fuel combustion and...

Although the domestic resources of shale oil are large, there has been some question regarding the magnitude of the energy subsidy that must be committed in order to extract the contained oil. This study shows that for a 50,000-bbl-per-day, modified in situ extraction facility in 20-gal-per-ton...

We show in this study that a full fuel-cycle analysis of the greenhouse gas (CO2) implications of biomass energy systems has not only to take into account the inputs and outputs of energy (and associated carbon content) but must recognize that many biomas systems have by-products that are...