Abstract “ M -Bias,” as it is called in the epidemiologic literature, is the bias introduced by conditioning on a pretreatment covariate due to a particular “ M -Structure” between two latent factors, an observed treatment, an outcome, and a “collider.” This potential source of bias,...

Purpose: Previous studies employing the behavioral theory of the firm have not explicitly taken the roles of decision makers and corporate governance into consideration. The purpose of this paper is to fill in this gap by integrating CEO overconfidence and discretion into the performance...

Although it is the generator distribution of the sixth natural exponential family with quadratic variance function, the Hyperbolic-Secant (HS) distribution is much less known than other distributions in the exponential families. Its lack of familiarity is due to its isolation from many widely...

Heckman selection model is the most popular econometric model in analysis of data with sample selection. However, selection models with Normal errors cannot accommodate heavy tails in the error distribution. Recently, Marchenko and Genton proposed a selection-t model to perform frequentist’...