This book adopts a holistic, integrated and pragmatic approach to exploring the myths, concepts, policies, key conditions and tools for enhancing creative knowledge cities, as well as expounding potentially negative impacts of knowledge based city policies.

R&D and innovation increasingly take place in networks that extend beyond the boundaries of a single firm, with customers in an important role in the learning processes involved. This phenomenon is captured by the term  “open innovation”. Advantages of open innovation encompass cost...

Over the years, the above advantages have gained wide recognition in such a way that fostering spin-offs has become part of most universities’ and research centers’ policy. Among the many ways of accelerating the growth of USOs, perhaps the most captivating one is establishing incubator...