The business cycle is likely to be of importance for self-employment rates. When the economy is growing, business opportunities open up and encourage the setup of new firms. In downturns, self-employment may be a way to avoid unemployment. The strength of these pull and push factors may depend...

Exploiting the exogenous variation in user fees caused by a Swedish childcare reform, we are able to identify the causal effect of childcare costs on fertility in a context in which childcare enrollment is almost universal, user fees are low, and labor force participation of mothers is very...

Analyzing a large panel that matches public firms with worker-level data, we find that managerial entrenchment affects workers’ pay. CEOs with more control pay their workers more, but financial incentives through ownership of cash flow rights mitigate such behaviour. These findings do not seem...