The purpose of this paper is to investigate both environmental effects and cost effects of using less specified contracts regarding bus sizes in public bus transports. The process of choosing the best bid in the public procurement of bus transports is easier if the demands of the qualifications...

Energy issues and energy management gain more interest within the society at large as well as amongst companies of different sizes. Yet, even in energy-intensive companies, like process industries, energy management is seldom treated strategically. The purpose of this study is thus to...

In this paper we consider integrated planning of the supply chain at a multi-site pulp company. In addition to the traditional focus on pulp products, also energy aspects are considered, both in the form of raw material and as revenue generating products. The idea is that energy intense raw...

From the welfare state's origins in Europe, the idea of human welfare being organized through a civilized, institutionalized and uncorrupt state has caught the imagination of social activists and policy-makers around the world. This is particularly influential where rapid social development is...