<title>A<sc>bstract</sc> </title> Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson have claimed that the world income distribution underwent a ‘Reversal of Fortune’ from 1500 to the present, whereby formerly rich countries in what is now the developing world became poor while poor ones grew rich. We question their analysis with...

Previously evidence on the pre-modern relationship between wealth and fertility almost entirely relied upon data from Europe. Using British colonial records from early 19th-century India on widow suicides (satis), we find a robust positive relationship between income and fertility.

Nation-building has long been seen as an important focus of post-colonial African governments. However, up until now there has been no empirical analysis of the consequences of nation-building policies. Here we compile an original dataset measuring nine different types of nation-building...