Preshipment inspection (PSI) programmes are implemented in many developing countries to assist governments in the collection of revenue at their borders. These programs consist of the delegation of the inspection of imports to a private firm. To study these PSI programmes, we develop a...

For several years, the most modern customs administrations rely on risk analysis structural approaches for reducing intrusive inspections, satisfying private operators and securing their operations. In developing countries, customs administrations have been slow to take this course due to high...

"A must read for any development policy maker or practitioner especially if they are thinking about how and where digital technologies can add value and improve the livelihoods of the poor…Most important of all…(they) provide a framework to think about when and how digital is the solution."...