Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the own brand strategies undertaken by Japanese apparel manufacturers, and illuminate the characteristics of those apparel manufacturers who adopt the SPA business model. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey was sent to 4,417...

Dieses Papier konzentriert sich besonders auf die vertikale Integration zwischen der Wassereinlassreinigung und den Stufen der Wasserverteilung. Um die Wirtschaftssysteme der vertikalen Integration nachzuforschen, schätzte ich die translog Kostenfunktion in der japanischen...

In many parts of the world, water is supplied by very small, local undertakings. In recent years, there has been a move to consolidation of these utilities in a number of countries. This paper looks at the economic effects of consolidation of Japanese water utilities in the period 1999-2006...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to clarify what factors affect the recent trend of having self‐planning functions within Japanese apparel wholesalers. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire survey was conducted involving Japanese apparel wholesalers and applied the probit and...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight two important strategies (private label strategy and specialty store strategy) of the Japanese wholesale apparel market and then to clarify the characteristics of those apparel wholesalers who own or intend to establish specialty private...