Recent studies have documented an asymmetry in the market-beta of equity Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) based on high and low Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth states, as well as in bull and bear stock markets. The asymmetry has been deemed a puzzle (Chatrath <italic>et al</italic>., 2000; Chiang <italic>et al</italic>.,...

In the current study, we focus on the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) beta and downside betas. The empirical results of market index returns in the international samples of 23 developed countries exhibit significant differences between the CAPM and downside betas, indicating that these models...

This paper discusses a research strategy which determines the optimum capital structure strategy and sets a reasonable required return of two-dimensional mortgages for borrowers and lenders with trade-off theory. We derived the optimum capital structure strategy of REITs and assess the mortgage...

This paper examines how deviations from expected optimal cash holdings affect future stock returns in the real estate investment trust (REIT) industry. Our findings indicate that REIT managers elect to hold less cash to reduce the agency problems of cash flow, supporting the pecking order theory...

This innovative book analyses the role played by real estate markets in global financial stability and examines the fragile link between the two. Through what transmission channels do housing market cycles influence broader economic systems? How has the Global Financial Crisis shifted our view...

This article analyses investment risk in the housing market by examining volatility properties of house prices for the UK. We use both ARCH and GARCH models to estimate price conditional heteroscedasticity and find evidence of a time-varying property in the volatilities of the house price...

This paper analyzes the effect of household wealth (including housing and financial wealth) on housing sales and probes their long-run and short-run dynamic relationships. We further examine the short-run effect of financial wealth on housing sales by employing quantile regressions, restricted...