Incremental value at risk (IVaR) is becoming a standard tool to identify investment strategies that enhance risk‐adjusted returns. Recently, practice‐oriented research has focused applying IVaR to hedging and speculating with options and risk reduction. IVaR approximation methods provide...

type="main" xml:lang="en" <p>We discuss the coherence properties of expected shortfall (ES) as a financial risk measure. This statistic arises in a natural way from the estimation of the ‘average of the 100% worst losses’ in a sample of returns to a portfolio. Here p is some fixed confidence...</p>

Determining the contributions of sub-portfolios or single exposures to portfolio-wide economic capital for credit risk is an important risk measurement task. Often, economic capital is measured as the Value-at-Risk (VaR) of the portfolio loss distribution. For many of the credit portfolio risk...