Utility theory and insurance -- The individual risk model -- Collective risk models -- Ruin theory -- Premium principles -- Bonus-malus systems -- Credibility theory -- Generalized linear models -- IBNR techniques -- Ordering of risks.

We introduce a new and easy-to-calculate measure for the expected degree of herd behavior or co-movement between stock prices. This forward looking measure is model-independent and based on observed option data. It is baptized the Herd Behavior Index (HIX).

In Van Weert et al. (2010), results are obtained showing that, when allowing some of the cash flows to be negative, convex order lower bound approximations can still be used to solve general investment problems in a context of provisioning or terminal wealth. In this paper, a correction and...