This paper is primarily concerned with pricing a general passport option (GPO) within the standard Black-Scholes framework. We show that in all possible cases of the allowed trading strategy, the price can be decomposed into simple portfolios of standard European calls and puts and a contract we...

This article investigates the modelling of style returns in the United States and the returns to style 'tilts' based on forecasts of enhanced future style returns. We use hidden Markov model to build our forecasts for data from 1975 to 1998. We do not include more recent observations as the...

This paper assumes that the underlying asset prices are lognormally distributed, and derives necessary and sufficient conditions for the valuation of options using a Blackâ€Scholes type methodology. It is shown that the price of a futuresâ€style, markedâ€toâ€market option is given by...

In this paper, we propose the average <italic>F</italic>-statistic for testing linear asset pricing models. The average pricing error, captured in the statistic, is of more interest than the <italic>ex post</italic> maximum pricing error of the multivariate <italic>F</italic>-statistic that is associated with extreme long and short positions and...