As long as state aid outside the EU is unregulated, the European Commission faces a dilemma: either European firms will be disadvantaged in global competition by strict EU rules, or the Commission will come under pressure to relax the rules, thereby running the risk that fair competition within...

type="short" <p>This symposium item belongs to a section headed: SYMPOSIUM: CONVENTIONAL WISDOMS UNDER CHALLENGE – REVIEWING THE EU’S DEMOCRATIC DEFICIT IN TIMES OF CRISIS, which also includes Integration without Representation? The European Parliament and the Reform of Economic Governance in...</p>

What is the scope for autonomous action of the European Commission? Its independence is much more contentious than that of the European Court of Justice, which is generally considered quite autonomous. While the literature on the Commission focuses predominantly on its ability to use its...

In the course of completing the Single European Market the liberalization of telecommunications is a key issue. A central question is how public policy and market mechanisms can be combined to achieve a regulatory structure that strikes a balance between public service and advanced business...