The main contribution of Coase1 is having proven that no institution is a free lunch (among others, Pagano, 2012). It means that every institution (e.g. the market and the firm) has non-null costs of functioning, i.e. transaction costs. In a world with positive transaction costs, the...

Comparing the literature on hold-up and strategic entry deterrence leads to a puzzling role for sunk or specific investments in affecting investor’s incentive. In one case, non-redeployable investments decrease investor’s ex-post bargaining power. In the other they increase it. When the...

An Independent Regulatory Authority is a publicly identified official bureau having the regulatory responsibility of a market and being independent from i) the agents operating in that market, ii) other interested parties such as industrial pressure groups and iii) political actors like...