As energy heating is one of the main production costs, many efforts have been made to reduce the energy consumption of agricultural greenhouses. Herein, a novel control method of greenhouse heating using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and energy prediction model (EPM) is proposed for energy...

Purpose The sensorless external force estimation of robot manipulator can be helpful for reducing the cost and complexity of the robot system. However, the complex friction phenomenon of the robot joint and uncertainty of robot model and signal noise significantly decrease the estimation...