This paper shows that electoral incentives affect the occurrence of trade disputes. Focusing on WTO disputes filed by the United States during the 1995-2012 period, we show that U.S. presidents are more likely to initiate a dispute in the year preceding their re-election date. Moreover, disputes...

This policy study uses U.S. Census microdata to evaluate how subsidies for universal telephone service vary in their impact across low-income racial groups, gender, age, and home ownership. Our demand specification includes both the subsidized monthly price (Lifeline program) and the subsidized...

AbstractThe following sections are included:What Is the Definition of “Public Services”? How Are They “Regulated”?Do International Investment Agreements (Whether Bilateral, Regional or Multilateral) Cover “Public Services”?Investment Liberalization and Investment Protection...