The purpose of this background note is to give an overview of the literature on output volatility and economic growth, assess output volatility and its impact in Sao Tome and Principe (STP). This note is organized in four sections, besides this introductory part. The second section reviews the...

1. Introduction -- 2. Non-routine problems and flexibility -- 3. Flexibility, inflexibility and budgeting -- 4. Budget rules and budget flexibility -- 5. Budget reform and rule modification -- 6. Calibrating budget flexibility and control: A new role for rule variability -- 7. Conclusion. .

This paper is based on work undertaken for the Commonwealth Department of Finance and Administration and reports on recent developments within the Australian public sector of performance measurement in policy advice output. It outlines the role of performance information in an accrual‐based...