<Para ID="Par1">Compared to traditional cost-of-service regulation, electricity retail competition may lead to lower costs but higher markups. Thus, the net policy effect on the average electricity retail price is ambiguous. This paper uses a difference-in-difference approach to estimate the policy impact for...</para>

After the events of 9/11, U.S. counterterrorism became more proactive in that the Patriot Act allowed the authorities far more freedom to directly attack terrorist network structures. We argue that rational terrorists will attempt to thwart such policies and restructure themselves to be less...

The low representation of female workers in elite jobs is sometimes attributed to a tail effect: If the human capital distribution exhibits less variation among females than among males, then even with comparable average human capital there will be fewer females in the right tail than males....